Ezetimibe – Cholesterol Levels, Side Effects, and Mechanism [Cardiac Medications 13/26] [Video]

Ezetimibe is a medication primarily used to lower blood cholesterol levels. It works by inhibiting the absorption of dietary cholesterol from the small intestine, which ultimately reduces the amount of cholesterol that enters the bloodstream. This makes it useful for managing high cholesterol levels, particularly when dietary and lifestyle changes alone are not sufficient to bring cholesterol levels under control.

Key points about Ezetimibe include:

1. **Mechanism of Action:** Ezetimibe works by inhibiting the Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) protein in the small intestine. This protein is responsible for the absorption of dietary cholesterol. By blocking this protein, Ezetimibe reduces the absorption of cholesterol from the diet, leading to decreased levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream.

2. **Combination Therapy:** Ezetimibe is often prescribed in combination with other cholesterol-lowering medications, such as statins. This combination can be more effective in reducing cholesterol levels compared to using either medication alone. Statins work by blocking an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis in the liver.

3. **Indications:** Ezetimibe is primarily used to treat hypercholesterolemia, a condition characterized by elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood. It can be used as a monotherapy or in combination with other medications to achieve better cholesterol control.

4. **Dosage and Administration:** Ezetimibe is typically taken orally in tablet form. The recommended dosage and frequency will depend on individual factors, including the patient’s cholesterol levels and overall health. It can be taken with or without food.

5. **Side Effects:** Common side effects of Ezetimibe may include headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fatigue. Serious side effects are rare but may include muscle pain or weakness (myopathy) and liver problems. It’s important to monitor for any unusual symptoms and report them to a healthcare provider.

6. **Precautions and Contraindications:** Ezetimibe should be used with caution in individuals with liver disease or a history of liver problems. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should also consult their healthcare provider before taking this medication. Additionally, it’s important to let your doctor know about any other medications or supplements you’re taking to avoid potential interactions.

7. **Effectiveness:** Clinical studies have shown that Ezetimibe can effectively lower LDL cholesterol levels, which is the “bad” type of cholesterol associated with an increased risk of heart disease. By reducing LDL cholesterol levels, Ezetimibe can contribute to the overall reduction of cardiovascular risk.

As with any medication, it’s essential to take Ezetimibe as prescribed by a healthcare professional and to follow their recommendations for cholesterol management, which may also include lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and smoking cessation. Always consult a medical professional for personalized advice and guidance on managing your cholesterol levels and overall cardiovascular health.